Earthquake basics
The reason why earthquakes occur is that under the seanew platewas born, It spreads at a rate of several centimeters per year and pushes against the land plate. The ocean plate is heavier than the land plate, so it slides underneath. This pressure causes strain in the plate. , when it reaches its limit, it will crack or move significantly. This is anearthquake.magnitude
「magnitude」is a measure of the size (scale) of the earthquake itself.On the other hand, "seismic intensity" refers to the strength of shaking in the place where we live when an earthquake of a certain size occurs. The relationship between magnitude and seismic intensity is, for example, even if an earthquake has a small magnitude, if the distance from the epicenter is close, the ground will shake violently. The "seismic intensity" increases. Also, even if an earthquake has a large magnitude, if the distance from the epicenter is far, the ground will not shake much and the "seismic intensity" will be small.earthquake size
There are two main types of indicators that express the magnitude of earthquakes, each of which has several types. M is an exponential function, seismic intensity is a nonlinear function, and the size of the number and the actual physical quantity are not proportional. Magnitude (M) is an indicator of the scale of an earthquake, the size of the fault, or the amount of energy released during an earthquake. Seismic intensity class (seismic intensity) is an index that expresses the magnitude of shaking at each point on the earth's surface. When simply referring to the "seismic intensity of a certain earthquake," This refers to the maximum seismic intensity at all observation points for that earthquake.Earthquake damage
Large earthquakes are one of the typical natural disasters that often destroy buildings, scatter household belongings, cause fires, landslides, and cause human casualties. ``Disaster prevention'' and disaster mitigation, such as stockpiling daily necessities in case of an earthquake and making evacuation plans. disaster mitigationIt is common to take countermeasures based on this idea and prepare ``just in case it comes at any time.'' In addition, large-scale earthquakes that occur in ocean areas can generate tsunamis, even in places far away from the epicenter where the shaking was not felt. It may cause disaster.Therefore, in addition to purposes such as academic research, The occurrence of earthquakes is monitored on a daily basis by government agencies and universities in various countries for the purpose of reporting the occurrence of tsunamis. For the first time since the 1960 Chile earthquake, a tsunami warning system has been established for the entire Pacific Ocean. After the Sumatra Earthquake in 2004, this system has been greatly strengthened and is now being maintained in the Indian Ocean as well.What triggered the earthquake
The trigger that prompts the release of stress built up in the ground and rock remains largely a mystery, with no clear identification, and various theories have been developed. Regarding this trigger, it is possible to statistically find a correlation by comparing correlations, but identifying whether it is a causal relationship relies on seismological research, which is a slightly different field.Earthquake food, clothing, and shelter
clothingEven in the middle of summer, wear long sleeves and long pants. Wear thick-soled shoes, a helmet or disaster hood, gloves, and a mask. food
Drinking water and food (cup noodles, canned goods, etc.) residence
Evacuate to a safe place outdoors (in a park or evacuation center) or indoors.
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